Cement Board is a type of building board made from a mixture of cement + fibers (often glass or cellulose fibers), and it is used as an alternative to gypsum boards in places that require high resistance to moisture and durability.
In simple terms:
It is a rigid board similar to gypsum board, but it is stronger and withstands water and heat better.
Its advantages:
Water and moisture resistant (suitable for bathrooms and kitchens)
Strong and durable and withstands impacts
Withstands high temperatures
Its uses:
Exterior panels
Walls
The difference between it and gypsum board:
Cement board: Stronger + water-resistant
Gypsum board: Lighter + easier to install, but it is affected by water.